Understanding Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

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The definition of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) when it comes to the USA it implies two or more consecutive failed clinical pregnancies that have been documented by ultrasound or histopathology. On the other hand in the UK the definition involves having three or more consecutive early pregnancy losses.

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Up to, say, 50 percent of cases of recurrent pregnancy loss do lack a clear etiology. Recurrent pregnancy loss can rather be categorized into primary as well as secondary types. Primary, recurrent pregnancy loss does occur in women who have never given birth to a live infant. Secondary recurrent pregnancy loss does occur in women who have given birth to a live infant. This activity does describe the evaluation, diagnosis, as well as management of recurrent pregnancy loss and stresses the role of team-based inter-professional care for affected patients.

Recurrent miscarriage implies two or more consecutive pregnancy losses. On the other hand, infertility happens to be the inability to conceive. In several cases the cause of RPL is unknown

Secondary recurrent pregnancy loss does occur in women who happen to give birth to a live infant. This activity does describe the evaluation, diagnosis, as well as management of recurrent pregnancy loss and also stresses the role of team-based inter-professional care for affected patients.

Spontaneous pregnancy loss can rather be physically as well as emotionally taxing for couples, especially when faced with recurrent losses. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), does refer to as a recurrent miscarriage or habitual abortion. Basing it on the incidence of sporadic pregnancy loss, the incidence of recurrent pregnancy loss is supposed to be approximately 1 in 300 pregnancies. However, epidemiologic studies do reveal that 1% to 2% of women experience recurrent pregnancy loss. Defining RPL as a clinical entity requiring diagnostic testing as well as therapeutic intervention rests on knowledge of the elevation of risk for subsequent fetal loss and the probability of finding a treatable etiology for one’s disorder.

Although no reliable published data have led to the estimation of the probability of finding an etiology for RPL in about a population with 2 versus 3 or more miscarriages, the best available data do suggest that the risk of miscarriage in subsequent pregnancies happens to be 30% after 2 losses, when compared with 33% after 3 losses among patients who do not have a history of live birth.

This strongly does suggest a role for evaluation after just 2 losses in patients with no prior live births. An earlier evaluation may be further indicated if fetal cardiac activity happens to be identified prior to a loss, the woman is older than 35 years, or perhaps the couple has had difficulty in conceiving.

Causes

• Genetic
• Endocrine
• Anatomic
• Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
• Immunological
• Environmental factors

Complications

Women who experience recurrent pregnancy loss can struggle emotionally and mentally as this diagnosis carries an adverse impact on the women and their families. The couple can suffer due to the psychological impact of repeated pregnancy loss and the feeling that the problem might never end. RPL carries a great deal of frustration, and the couples are continuously aspiring to achieve a successful pregnancy and simultaneously afraid of miscarrying again. RPL carries a negative impact not only on women and their families but also on treating clinicians. It could leave couples with negative emotions like anger, sadness, frustration, and confusion. It could also affect relationships and result in a loss of intimacy.

Conclusion

Spontaneous pregnancy loss is indeed a common occurrence, with almost 15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies ending up in pregnancy failure. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) has rather been inconsistently defined. If defined as 3 consecutive pregnancy losses before 20 weeks from the last menstrual period, it does affect approximately 1% to 2% of women.

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