The treatment options for endometrial polyps depend on their size, number, and symptoms. In some cases, if the polyps are small and asymptomatic, no treatment may be necessary. However, for symptomatic polyps or those affecting fertility, surgical removal through hysteroscopy or surgical resection is typically recommended. Regular follow-up evaluations are essential to monitor for recurrence and ensure optimal uterine health, particularly in women with risk factors or ongoing symptoms.

Diagnosing endometrial polyps involves a comprehensive analysis of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging. Transvaginal ultrasound can help visualise the uterine cavity and detect polyps. Hysteroscopy, where a thin, flexible catheter with a camera is inserted into the uterus, also helps visualise the polyps. Sometimes, imaging modalities such as saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) or hysterosalpingography (HSG) may be employed to enhance visualisation of the endometrial lining. Healthcare professionals may also perform a biopsy to rule out the presence of cancerous cells.

Some women with endometrial polyps may not experience any symptoms. However, common symptoms include irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding, bleeding between periods, and pelvic pain. Women with endometrial polyps may also experience infertility or recurrent miscarriages due to disruptions in the uterine environment. These symptoms can overlap with other gynaecological conditions, so a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary for further evaluation.

The exact reason for endometrial polyps is unknown, but hormonal imbalances, such as elevated estrogen levels, are believed to play a role in their development. Chronic uterine inflammation, possibly due to infections or other underlying conditions, can also play a role. Other factors contributing to developing endometrial polyps include obesity, certain medications, and obesity.

Endometrial polyps can create an unfavourable environment for implantation and increase the risk of miscarriage. They may interfere with the implantation process by altering the endometrial lining’s receptivity, reducing the embryo’s ability to attach and proliferate. Polyps can also lead to irregular uterine bleeding, which may affect the timing of ovulation and intercourse, reducing the chances of conception. Sometimes, larger polyps may physically obstruct the fallopian tubes or cervix, hindering sperm transport or embryo passage. Removing the polyps through a procedure called hysteroscopy can improve fertility outcomes.

Endometrial polyps are outgrowths in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). They are usually non-cancerous and can vary in size from a few millimetres to several centimetres. Though the precise cause remains uncertain, hormonal imbalances, inflammation, or alterations in the endometrium’s reaction to estrogen may play a role in their development. Endometrial polyps may remain asymptomatic or cause irregular bleeding, infertility, and an increased risk of miscarriage.